Abstract: The dynamic performance of CNC machine tools determines their machining quality and production efficiency. With the high-speed, high-precision operation of high-end equipment and extreme service conditions, higher requirements are put forward for the dynamic performance of CNC machine tools. Machine tool enterprises and research institutions at home and abroad have carried out extensive research on machine tool dynamics, but there remains a significant gap between the dynamic performance of domestic CNC machine tools and international advanced levels. Problems such as unclear influence mechanisms of dynamic performance, incomplete analysis and testing technical systems, and immature optimization methods persist. From the perspective of multidisciplinary integration of mechanics, electronics and control, this paper analyzes and summarizes the influencing factors of dynamic performance of CNC machine tools based on domestic and foreign literature. A multi-dimensional evaluation system covering dynamic accuracy, response speed, frequency response characteristics, vibration resistance and cutting stability is discussed. The modeling, testing and evaluation methods for dynamic performance of CNC machine tools are reviewed, and optimization and improvement methods are summarized, so as to provide reference for the research on dynamic performance of domestic high-grade CNC machine tools.