多规格板材变坡口智能成型产线设计与控制研究

Research on the design and control of intelligent production line for variable bevel of multi-specification plates

  • 摘要: 针对坡口传统加工装备存在的板材规格适应性差、坡口类型单一、需多次翻转装夹以及智能化程度低等技术瓶颈,提出了一种设计-控制协同的多规格板材变坡口智能成型产线构建方法并完成了产线研制。采用集成化、柔性化和智能化的设计思路,基于性能驱动设计方法,研制了适应不同规格板材的柔性坡口成型机;开发了“上位机-PLC-伺服”分布式控制系统,建立了多轴运动解耦模型,实现了多加工单元与多轴的协同控制。工程应用结果表明,该产线实现了一次装夹条件下对板材四边的上坡口、下坡口及钝边共计12个面的多种坡口类型(V形、Y形、K形、U形、U+V形、U+U形等)的高质高效加工,坡口加工直线度0.25 mm/m;加工平行度0.25 mm/m;坡口角度0~45°无级调节,角度偏差0.1°。研究成果为高端焊接结构件的高质量制造提供了可靠装备支撑。

     

    Abstract: To address the limitations of traditional bevel machining equipment, such as limited adaptability to plate specifications, single bevel type, repeated flipping and clamping operations, and insufficient intelligence level, a design-control collaborative approach for a multi-specification variable bevel forming production line was proposed and the production line was successfully developed. Guided by the principles of integration, flexibility, and intelligence, a performance-driven design methodology was employed to develop a flexible beveling machine capable of accommodating various plate dimensions. A distributed control architecture integrating an upper-level computer, PLC, and servo systems was established, and a multi-axis motion decoupling model was formulated to enable precise coordination among multiple processing units and motion axes. Engineering validation demonstrates that the production line can accurately and efficiently machine 12 surfaces of the upper bevel, lower bevel, and root face on the four sides of the plate, including various bevel types such as V-shaped, Y-shaped, K-shaped, U-shaped, (U+V)-shaped, and (U+U)-shaped. The straightness of the bevel machined by this production line is 0.25mm/m, the parallelism is 0.25 mm/m, the bevel angle can be infinitely adjusted from 0 to 45°, and the angle deviation is 0.1°. The research results provide reliable equipment support for the high-quality manufacturing of high-end welded structural components.

     

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