Abstract: This study addresses accuracy consistency in multi-pallet interchange for dual-machine collaboration and meets flexible production demands for high interchangeability and efficiency. A precision improvement method based on a zero-point positioning system is proposed. Using the central process hole as a unified datum, we optimize the machining and assembly of the pallet, rotary body, and sliding body. Special inspection sleeves and bars are designed to control coplanarity and position accuracy of the positioning cup holes. Post-assembly precision machining is performed, assisted by three-coordinate measurement and vertical coordinate boring machine calibration. This ensures center alignment between the rotary and sliding bodies and improves hole system accuracy. Results show that the radial runout of the pallet center hole is ≤0.005 mm. After interchange, radial runout remains ≤0.015 mm. The height consistency between dual-machine pallets is ≤0.01 mm. The position error of locating holes is ≤0.012 mm. The flatness coplanarity of the four positioning cup mounting surfaces reaches ≤0.005 mm. Process optimization and dedicated tooling design enable complete cross-interchangeability of multi-pallets between dual machines. This provides a high-precision, reliable foundation for pallet interchange in flexible manufacturing systems. Non-machining time is significantly reduced, and overall production efficiency is improved.