基于改进A*算法的双移动机械臂协同路径规划

Collaborative path planning based on improved A* algorithm for dual-mobile robotic arms

  • 摘要: 双移动机械臂协同搬运系统兼具大范围作业能力和灵活操作能力,在大型构件搬运任务中具有重要应用价值。尽管A*等传统移动机器人路径规划算法已较为成熟,但其难以直接适用于双移动机械臂协同搬运过程中存在的机器人耦合、构型约束以及关节协同运动等问题。针对双移动机械臂特殊构型下的协同路径规划问题,提出了一种能够兼顾安全性、规划效率与双臂可行性的改进A*规划方法。相比现有的RMB-A*和Dynamic Weighted A*算法,此方法轨迹长度分别降低7.4%和1.6%,最小障碍物距离提升310%,平均障碍物距离分别提升49%和82%。最后,在实际机械臂移动平台上完成了协作搬运和避障任务,验证了该算法对于双移动机械臂协同规划的有效性。该方法能够降低双移动机械臂的位置移动和关节协同的编程难度,提升大型构件搬运效率和安全性。

     

    Abstract: A collaborative transportation system composed of two mobile manipulators combines a large operational workspace with high maneuverability, making it well suited for transporting large components. Although conventional mobile-robot path-planning algorithms, such as A*, are well established, they cannot be directly applied to collaborative transportation scenarios involving inter-robot coupling, configuration constraints, and coordinated manipulator motion. To address the collaborative path-planning problem associated with the coupled configuration of two mobile manipulators, this work proposes an improved A* method that balances safety, planning efficiency, and kinematic feasibility while ensuring coordinated motion of both manipulators. Compared with RMB-A* and Dynamic Weighted A*, the proposed method reduces the planned path length by 7.4% and 1.6%, respectively. It also increases the minimum obstacle clearance by 310% and improves the mean obstacle clearance by 49% and 82% relative to the corresponding reference methods. Collaborative transportation and obstacle-avoidance experiments were conducted on a physical mobile-manipulator platform, and the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for coordinated path planning involving two mobile manipulators. The proposed method reduces the manual programming effort required for positioning and coordinating the manipulators, thereby improving the efficiency and safety of large-component transportation.

     

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