Abstract: As the mainstream technology of green machining, dry cutting technology has been widely used. In order to control the environmental pollution of dry cutting, a machine added environmental pollution acquisition tool which could integrate the data of dust, oil mist and noise was developed. An on-line acquisition method of environmental pollution was proposed. The single factor test and orthogonal test were carried out, and the effects of cutting speed, feed rate per tooth, cooling conditions and material types on environmental pollution were studied. The results show that the best sampling orientation and distance are in front of the protective door of the machine tool and 0.5m; Compared with traditional cutting, dry cutting process has higher dust pollution and lower oil mist pollution; The cutting speed and material type have a great impact on the environmental pollution emission, the feed rate per tooth has a small impact, and the cooling mode has a certain impact on the dust concentration. The research results can provide reference acquisition equipment and methods for the acquisition of dry cutting environment data, and provide data support for process optimization and green evaluation.