金鑫, 刘其广, 吕杰, 徐飞飞, 孙晓楠. 数控加工中多约束进给率规划算法研究[J]. 制造技术与机床, 2022, (5): 105-111. DOI: 10.19287/j.mtmt.1005-2402.2022.05.018
引用本文: 金鑫, 刘其广, 吕杰, 徐飞飞, 孙晓楠. 数控加工中多约束进给率规划算法研究[J]. 制造技术与机床, 2022, (5): 105-111. DOI: 10.19287/j.mtmt.1005-2402.2022.05.018
JIN Xin, LIU Qiguang, LV Jie, XU Feifei, SUN Xiaonan. Research on feedrate planning algorithm with multi-constraints for CNC machining[J]. Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool, 2022, (5): 105-111. DOI: 10.19287/j.mtmt.1005-2402.2022.05.018
Citation: JIN Xin, LIU Qiguang, LV Jie, XU Feifei, SUN Xiaonan. Research on feedrate planning algorithm with multi-constraints for CNC machining[J]. Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool, 2022, (5): 105-111. DOI: 10.19287/j.mtmt.1005-2402.2022.05.018

数控加工中多约束进给率规划算法研究

Research on feedrate planning algorithm with multi-constraints for CNC machining

  • 摘要: 在多轴数控加工中,进给率规划作为一项关键技术,在提高机械零件加工精度方面,扮演着重要的角色,受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。然而,现有的规划方法主要针对的是工艺特性约束,而缺少对机床分轴速度以及分轴加速度约束的考虑。为此,文章基于比例调整策略,提出了一种自适应进给率规划算法。首先,扫描基于NURBS表达的参数加工路径,并在给定的弓高误差、机床分轴速度和分轴加速度等并行多约束条件下,根据解耦模型计算每个采样点处的最大进给率值。然后,采用B样条拟合方法,拟合各采样点处的进给率,以得到初始进给率曲线。最后,利用比例调整策略,对初始进给率曲线进行了调整,完成多约束条件下的进给率的定制。文章采用了二维NURBS曲线路径进行试验验证,试验结果表明,通过文章所提方法,数控加工的弓高误差、机床分轴速度和机床分轴加速度均被限制在了预设范围之内,不仅改善了数控加工的运动特性, 也进一步提高了零件的加工精度和加工效率。

     

    Abstract: As a key technique in multi-axis CNC machining, feedrate planning plays an important role to improve the machining accuracy for a given mechanical part, and receives extensive attention of domestic and overseas scholars. However, the current planning methods are mainly focused on the process limits, and rarely consider the constraints of axis velocity and axis acceleration in the planning. To cope with this issue, an adaptive feedrate planning algorithm is developed on the basis of proportional adjustment strategy in this paper. Firstly, curve scanning is performed on a given NURBS tool path, and the maximum reachable feedrate at each sample point can be calculated according to a decoupled mathematical model, which concludes the parallel constrains of the chord error, axis velocity and axis acceleration limits. Then, the initial feedrate curve is derived through B-spline fitting with these discrete velocity points. Finally, a proportional adjustment strategy is used to adjust the initial feedrate curve and realize the feedrate scheduling with multi-constraints. The performance of the proposed method is validated by performing experiments on a two-dimensional NURBS tool path, and the results demonstrate that both the chord error and drive constraints are confined into the preset ranges, which not only improve the kinematic characteristic of drive axes, but also further enhance the machining accuracy and efficiency.

     

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