Abstract: The linear axis positioning errors at different volumetric positions are difficult to be measured comprehensively and quickly, and the workpiece may be installed at different positions during machining process, so the positioning error at single position can hardly identify the true accuracy of the linear axis and workspace comprehensively and objectively. At the same time, the measurement of volumetric body diagonal errors is an inefficient and time-consuming task to adjust the optical path. To solve the abovementioned problems, this paper proposed a rapid identification method considering volumetric position differences of linear axis positioning errors and volumetric body diagonal errors in machine tools. The laser tracking interferometer is used to measure the volumetric errors of the three-axis machine tool based on multi-station time-sharing measurement, and the linear axis positioning errors at different volumetric positions is identified by the difference in volumetric errors. The diagonal errors are calculated by the theoretical and actual distance deviation between the measurement point and the initial point, and then the volumetric accuracy of the machine tools can be evaluated comprehensively. Compared with the traditional measurement method, the proposed method can quickly identify the linear axis positioning errors and diagonal errors at different volumetric positions, which provide a new method for the rapid measurement and comprehensive evaluation of linear axis and volumetric accuracy in machine tools.