The identification and analysis of spatial geometric error and positioning error compensation of vertical machining center
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摘要: 为大幅提升立式加工中心加工精度，满足当代数控机床对高精度的需求，针对立式加工中心3个运动轴，深入分析了其轴向运动空间几何误差，提出了可有效辨识运动轴轴向运动空间6项几何误差的辨识方法。建立了空间6项几何误差辨识模型，并针对关联轴联动垂直度误差进行了有效分析，建立了垂直度误差辨识解析模型。同时，针对3个独立运动轴轴向定位误差特性，提出了适用性强的误差补偿方法，并建立了误差补偿模型和细化了补偿实施方案。经实验证明，研究空间几何误差辨识解析及定位补偿方法可大幅提升立式加工中心的定位精度。Abstract: In order to greatly improve the machining accuracy of the vertical machining center, so as to meet the high-precision requirements of contemporary CNC machine tools, for the three motion axes of the vertical machining center, an in-depth analysis of the geometric errors of the axial motion space is proposed, and the motion axis can be effectively identified to identify the six geometric errors in the motion space, the six spatial geometric error identification models are established, and the verticality errors of the associated axis linkage are effectively analyzed, and the verticality error identification analytical model is established. At the same time, for three independent motions based on the axial positioning error characteristics of the shaft, a highly applicable error compensation method is proposed, an error compensation model is established and the compensation implementation plan is refined. Experiments prove that the study of spatial geometric error identification analysis and positioning compensation methods can greatly improve the positioning accuracy of vertical machining centers.
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表 1 运动轴X、Y垂直度误差相关数据
节点 扭摆直线度/μm 平动轴摆角/(°) X、Y垂直度误差/(°) X轴 Y轴 X轴 Y轴 1 0.49 0.72 0.003 0.004 0.001 3 2 1.12 1.38 0.006 0.008 0.001 5 3 1.69 2.17 0.010 0.012 0.002 7 4 2.24 2.89 0.013 0.017 0.003 7 5 2.78 3.65 0.016 0.021 0.005 0 6 3.37 4.73 0.020 0.027 0.007 8 7 3.87 5.04 0.022 0.029 0.006 7 8 4.39 5.67 0.025 0.033 0.007 3 9 4.95 6.49 0.028 0.037 0.008 8 10 5.51 7.12 0.032 0.041 0.009 2 
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