Experimental study on ultrasonic grinding of quartz and glass-ceramics
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摘要: 玻璃作为脆性材料,在磨削加工中极易发生碎裂、崩边等问题。文章以石英玻璃和微晶玻璃为研究对象,开展超声/非超声下磨削加工多因素试验,分析了磨削力和表面粗糙度影响因素的主次顺序和最优加工参数,研究了加工方式和参数、材料差异对两种玻璃磨削力和表面粗糙度的影响规律。研究结果表明:石英玻璃和微晶玻璃的磨削力和粗糙度都基本呈现随着主轴转速提高而减小、随着磨削深度的增加而增大、随着进给速度的提高而增大的趋势;相对于石英玻璃,微晶玻璃在相同的加工参数和加工方式下的磨削力和表面粗糙度值更大;相对于非超声工况,超声都可以显著减小两种玻璃的磨削力并对降低表面粗糙度起到一定作用;但是,超声加工对于微晶玻璃的磨削力抑制和表面粗糙度降低效果更明显。研究可为玻璃材料高效加工提供数据支撑。Abstract: As a brittle material, glass is prone to crack and edge collapse during grinding. This paper takes quartz glass and glass-ceramics as the research objects, carries out the multi-factor experiment of ultrasonic/non-ultrasonic grinding, analyzes the primary and secondary order of the factors affecting the grinding force and surface roughness and the optimal processing parameters, and studies the influence of the processing methods, parameters and material differences on the grinding force and surface roughness of the two kinds of glass. The results show that the grinding force and roughness of quartz glass and glass-ceramics basically decrease with the increase of spindle speed, increase with the increase of grinding depth, and increase with the increase of feed speed; Compared with quartz glass, the grinding force and surface roughness of glass-ceramics are larger under the same processing parameters and processing methods; Compared with non-ultrasonic working conditions, ultrasonic can significantly reduce the grinding force of two kinds of glass and play a certain role in reducing the surface roughness; However, ultrasonic machining can restrain the grinding force and reduce the surface roughness of glass-ceramics more obviously. The research can provide data support for efficient processing of glass materials.
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Key words:
- ultrasonic grinding /
- quartz glass /
- glass ceramics /
- grinding force /
- surface roughness
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表 1 石英玻璃和微晶玻璃的主要性能参数
名称
参数密度/
(g/$ {\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{3} $)硬度/HRC 泊松比 断裂韧性
/MPa弹性模量/MPa 石英
玻璃2.2 7.3 0.14~0.17 0.81 77 微晶
玻璃2.4~2.6 5.9~9.3 0.29~0.45 1.25 88~98 表 2 试验参数表
序号 主轴转速Ω/
(r/min)进给速度$ {v}_{f} $/
(mm/min)切削深度H/
mm1 2 600 20 0.10 2 3 000 35 0.15 3 3 400 50 0.20 4 3 800 65 0.25 表 3 正交试验方案和试验结果
序号 因素水平 石英玻璃F/N
(非超/超声)微晶玻璃F/N
(非超/超声)石英玻璃Ra/μm
(非超/超声)微晶玻璃Ra/μm
(非超/超声)Ω/(r/min) vf /(mm/min) H/mm 1 2 600 20 0.10 41.9/24.6 104.3/77.7 1.13/0.76 1.59/0.79 2 2 600 35 0.15 52.2/26.9 141.2/107.1 1.14/1.25 1.86/1.60 3 2 600 50 0.20 67.4/28.9 92.0/85.58 1.07/1.87 0.94/1.01 4 2 600 65 0.25 83.1/96.4 118.6/87.9 1.25/1.98 1.96/1.19 5 3 000 20 0.15 34.6/25.7 76.96/88.8 1.20/0.62 1.07/0.67 6 3 000 35 0.10 41.7/19.7 80.04/68.8 0.80/0.83 1.72/0.94 7 3 000 50 0.25 103.2/141.6 157.9/88.9 0.98/1.67 1.52/1.59 8 3 400 65 0.20 76.1/75.5 158.8/103.3 1.2/1.59 1.33/1.07 9 3 400 20 0.20 41.3/73.7 84.1/71.3 1.35/1.63 1.15/0.86 10 3 400 35 0.25 103.5/76.2 127.2/68.5 0.86/1.47 1.15/1.34 11 3 400 50 0.10 59.1/47.2 79.4/55.7 1.56/0.86 1.03/1.41 12 3 400 65 0.15 48.1/48.4 119.9/71.1 1.57/0.96 1.18/1.58 13 3 800 20 0.25 82.2/48.4 76.2/78.5 0.94/0.81 1.30/0.67 14 3 800 35 0.20 44./34.1 132.2/107.6 0.90/1.31 0.75/0.71 15 3 800 50 0.15 27.1/26.9 96.4/94.1 1.01/1.23 1.14/1.20 16 3 800 65 0.10 73.6/57.1 147.9/65.5 1.28/1.01 1.22/1.35 表 4 磨削力F的极差分析表
极差 石英玻璃 微晶玻璃 非超声/超声 非超声/超声 A(Ω/(r/min)) B(vf /(mm/min)) C( H /mm) A(Ω/(r/min) ) B(vf /(mm/min)) C( H /mm ) K1 61.15/44.2 50/43.1 40.5/31.975 114.025/89.57 85.39/79.075 102.91/66.925 K2 63.9/65.625 60.35/39.225 54.075/37.15 118.425/87.45 120.16/88 108.615/90.275 K3 63/61.375 64.2/61.15 57.2/53.05 102.65/66.65 106.425/81.07 116.775/91.945 K4 56.725/41.625 70.225/69.35 93/90.65 113.175/86.425 136.3/81.95 119.975/80.95 极差 7.175/24 20.225/30.125 52.5/58.675 15.775/22.92 50.91/8.925 17.065/25.02 优先水平 A4/A4 B1/B2 C2/C2 A3/A3 B1/B1 C1/C1 主次顺序 C>B>A/C>B>A B>C>A/C>A>B 表 5 石英玻璃磨表面粗糙度极差分析表
极差 石英玻璃 微晶玻璃 非超声/超声 非超声/超声 A(Ω/(r/min)) B(vf /(mm/min)) C(H/mm) A(Ω/(r/min)) B(vf /(mm/min)) C( H/mm) K1 1.1475/1.155 1.1925/1.09 0.955/0.865 1.5875/1.1475 1.2775/0.7475 1.39/1.1225 K2 1.045/0.925 1.0075/1.1775 1.215/1.015 1.41/1.0675 1.37/1.1475 1.3125/1.2625 K3 1.335/1.155 1.13/1.23 1.4075/1.6 1.1275/1.2975 1.1575/1.3025 1.0425/0.9125 K4 1.0325/1.125 1.23/1.465 1.385/1.4825 1.1025/0.9825 1.4225/1.2975 1.4825/1.1975 极差 0.3025/0.4 0.2225/0.375 0.4525/0.735 0.485/0.315 0.265/0.555 0.44/0.35 优先水平 A4/A4 B4/B4 C1/C1 A4/A4 B1/B1 C3/C3 主次顺序 C>A>B/C>A>B A>C>B/B>C>A -
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