Simulation analysis and experimental research on laser quenching of H13 steel surface
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摘要: 为了探究激光功率对H13钢激光淬火后表面改性层的影响，制备出最优工艺参数下的激光淬火改性层，采用COMSOL有限元分析软件对H13钢淬火过程温度演变规律进行仿真分析，预测淬硬层深度，并进行激光淬火实验。使用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和显微硬度计等对H13钢激光淬火后的宏观形貌、组织演变机理、元素及显微硬度进行分析。结果表明：仿真预测的淬硬层深度与实验结果基本一致；激光扫描区域深度方向上组织细化明显，硬度呈梯度分布；自淬火表面向内分为相变硬化区、过渡区、基体，相变硬化区组织由原始珠光体、铁素体演变为细针状或板条状马氏体组织；当激光工艺参数选取不当时会造成过烧熔凝现象，影响工件表面平整度；当激光功率为600 W、扫描速度为10 mm/s时，淬硬层深度可达0.41 mm，最高显微硬度为709.6 HV0.3，约为基体的3倍。Abstract: In order to study the influence of laser power on the surface modified layer of H13 steel after laser quenching and prepare the laser quenched modified layer under the optimal process parameters, the temperature evolution law of the quenching process of H13 steel was simulated by COMSOL, the depth of hardened layer was predicted, and the laser quenching experiment was carried out. The macroscopic morphology, microstructure evolution mechanism, elements and microhardness of H13 steel after laser quenching were analyzed by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and microhardness tester. The results show that the depth of hardened layer predicted by simulation is basically consistent with the experimental results. The microstructure in the depth direction of the laser scanning area is refined obviously, and the hardness is gradient distribution. From the quenching surface to the inside, it is divided into phase transformation hardening zone, transition zone and matrix. The microstructure of phase transformation hardening zone evolves from original pearlite and ferrite to fine needle or lath martensite. When the laser process parameters are not selected properly, the phenomenon of overburning melting will be caused, which will affect the surface smoothness of the workpiece. When the laser power is 600 W and the scanning speed is 10 mm/s, the depth of the hardened layer can reach 0.41 mm, and the highest microhardness is 709.6 HV0.3, which is about 3 times of the matrix.
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Key words:
- laser quenching /
- hardening layer /
- microstructure evolution /
- overburning melting
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表 1 H13钢的热物性参数
温度/ ℃ 20 200 350 650 导热系数/（W/（m· ℃）） 32.2 28.6 28.4 28.8 温度/ ℃ 20 500 600 700 比热容/（kg· ℃） 460 548 590 600 
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表 2 各组试样表面温度模拟数据
工艺编号 激光功率/W 表面峰值温度/ ℃ 1 300 738.8 2 350 854.2 3 400 972.8 4 450 1 089.7 5 500 1 205.4 6 550 1 320.5 7 600 1 435.6 8 650 1 549.7 9 700 1 648.9
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表 3 H13化学成分表
（%） C Mn Si Cr P S V Mo 0.32～
0.450.20～
0.500.80～
1.204.75～
5.50≤0.03 ≤0.03 0.80～
1.201.10～
1.75
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表 4 能谱中A点和B点的成分含量
（%） 元素 C Cr Mo V Si Fe A 4.1 6.8 1.7 1.46 0.88 83.8 B 5.57 12.02 1.41 1.32 0.69 78.99
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