Research on vibration characteristics of plug-in machine driven by linear motor
-
摘要: 针对由直线电机引起的机械振动影响异形插件机精度的问题,对异形插件机的振动特性进行研究,并根据振动特性进行结构优化。首先对异形插件机上的直线电机进行推力和频率测试;其次对异形插件机的整机模型进行模态分析,根据模态分析结果对零部件进行结构优化,提升异形插件机的低阶固有频率;然后对优化后的整机模型进行谐响应分析,计算出取样点的振幅-频率响应数据;最后利用视觉相机对异形插件机进行重复定位精度测试实验。结果表明,优化后的异形插件机的前六阶固有频率有不同程度的提升,采样点在0~50 Hz的直线电机激励下,振动位移在0.03 mm左右。实验测试重复定位精度稳定在±0.03 mm内,验证了结构优化的有效性和仿真结果的可靠性。Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the mechanical vibration caused by the linear motor affects the accuracy of the special-shaped plug-in machine, the vibration characteristics of the special-shaped plug-in machine were studied, and the structure was optimized according to the vibration characteristics. Firstly, the thrust and frequency tests of the linear motor on the special-shaped plug-in machine were carried out. Secondly, the modal analysis of the whole machine model of the special-shaped plug-in machine was carried out, and the structural optimization of the parts was carried out according to the modal analysis results, so as to improve the low-order natural frequency of the special-shaped plug-in machine. Then, the harmonic response analysis of the optimized whole machine model was carried out, and the amplitude-frequency response data of the sampling point is calculated. Finally, the vision camera was used to test the repeatability of the special-shaped plug-in machine. The results show that the first six natural frequencies of the optimized special-shaped plug-in machine have different degrees of improvement, and the vibration displacement of the sampling point was about 0.03 mm under the excitation of the linear motor of 0~50 Hz. The experimental test was that the repeatability of positioning was stable within ±0.03 mm, which verifies the effectiveness of structural optimization and the reliability of simulation results.
-
表 1 优化前整机固有频率与振型描述
Hz 阶数 固有频率 主要振型描述 1 52.28 底座沿Z方向摆动,横梁扭转,插件头位置振型变化较大 2 75.12 横梁跟随大理石梁绕对称轴在X-Z平面转动,横梁末端振型变化较大 3 76.80 支撑梁沿Z方向摆动,支撑梁振型变化较大 4 98.86 横梁沿X方向摆动,横梁末端振型变化较大 5 105.47 整机绕中轴线在X-Z平面摆动,横梁末端振型变化较大 6 109.60 横梁扭转,插件头位置变化较大 表 2 优化前后的整机固有频率对比表
Hz 阶数 1 2 3 4 5 6 优化前 52.28 75.12 76.80 98.86 105.47 109.60 优化后 68.01 86.26 96.24 108.08 119.76 124.60 -
[1] 王雪岐. 异形电子元件插件机视觉检测与定位技术研究[D]. 长沙:湖南大学,2019. [2] Hu G Q,Ma J W,Zuo Y M,et al. A flexible velocity planning algorithm for high-speed mounter with both efficiency and precision[J]. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering,2021,43(12):1-18. [3] 武洪恩,倪良月,王凯,等. 基于Hu矩和递进Hough变换的SOT元件识别定位算法[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术,2019(8):4-7. [4] Huang Y H ,Li D B. Research on geometric positioning algorithm of vision system in high speed and high precision chip mounter[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials,2014,519-520:667-671. [5] 孙继斌,骆敏舟,姜涛,等. 高精度贴片机横梁结构动态优化设计[J]. 机械设计与制造,2014(8):45-47,51. [6] 王莹. 高速贴片机关键部件动态模型及优化设计[D]. 青岛:山东科技大学,2020. [7] 刘舒颖,王福增,郭子宇,等. 基于有限元/离散元耦合的大理石高速划擦过程仿真[J]. 金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2019,39(1):95-100. [8] 徐宏伟,张广鹏,黄玉美,等. 大理石机床床身对主轴箱温度场分布的影响研究[J]. 中国机械工程,2011,22(11):1274-1278. [9] 姜凤鹏,莫锦秋. 基于ANSYS的贴片机床身结构优化设计[J]. 机电工程,2008(10):95-97. [10] 姜涛,唐火红,冯宝林. 拱架式贴片机横梁刚柔耦合动态仿真优化设计[J]. 机械设计与制造,2014(6):31-34. [11] 吕刚. 直线电机在轨道交通中的应用与关键技术综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报,2020,40(17):5665-5675. [12] Liang J T ,Ming Z F ,Li P D. System construction of a four-side primary permanent-magnet linear motor driv e mechanical press[J]. Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering,2020,15(4):600-609. [13] 漆力子,卢礼华,高强,等. 精密电动反射镜架的结构设计与动态特性分析[J]. 中国激光,2020,47(3):82-92. [14] Lu X,Chen Y W,Sheng X. Analysis of the influence of structural parameters on the modes of a gantry machine tool crossbeam based on analytical method[J]. Applied Sciences,2022,12(21):11083. [15] Chen P,Zhuang H,Chang Y,et al. Modal analysis of an aerostatic spindle system for ultra-precision machine tools at different spin speeds[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2018,10(9):168781401879852. [16] 胡意波,高自成,李立君,等. 插件机横梁结构优化与动态特性分析[J]. 机电工程,2023,40(1):144-151. [17] 郑彬,钟发,张敬东,等. 鼓式制动器模态及谐响应分析[J]. 中国农机化学报,2020,41(4):117-122. [18] Cecen F,Aktas B. Modal and harmonic response analysis of new CFRP laminate reinforced concrete railway sleepers[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2021,127:105471. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105471 [19] Su W,Luo W H,Dong X S,et al. Harmonic response analysis for ball grid array package using computer finite element simulation[J]. Journal of Physics:Conference Series,2021,2033(1).